Lotus

var

Variable declaration with value assignment.

var x = 10;
var name = "John";
var isActive = true;
var count = 0;
x = 20;  // Reassignment

number

Integer or floating-point numbers.

var integer = 42;
var float = 3.14159;
var negative = -10;

string

Text values enclosed in double quotes.

var greeting = "Hello, World!";
var name = "Lotus";
var message = "Welcome to Lotus programming!";

boolean

Logical values: true or false.

var isActive = true;
var isComplete = false;
var hasPermission = true;

null

Represents the absence of a value.

var empty = null;
var result = null;
var data = null;

array

Ordered collection of values with indexed access.

// Array literal
var numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
var names = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"];
var mixed = [1, "two", true, [4, 5]];

// Index access
var first = numbers[0];     // 1
var second = numbers[1];    // 2
var name = names[2];        // "Charlie"
numbers[0] = 10;            // Modify element

struct

Defines a structure with named fields. Access and modify fields using dot notation.

// Struct literal
var user = struct { name: "Ana", age: 30 };
var point = struct { x: 10, y: 20 };
var book = struct { title: "Lotus", pages: 200, published: true };

// Member access
var userName = user.name;  // "Ana"
var userAge = user.age;    // 30
var pointX = point.x;      // 10

// Field assignment
user.age = 31;
user.name = "Ana Silva";
point.x = 15;
point.y = 25;

if / else

Conditional structure that executes a block if the condition is true.

if (x < y) {
    print("x is smaller");
} else {
    print("y is smaller or equal");
}

var max = if (a > b) { a; } else { b; };

if (age >= 18) {
    print("Adult");
} else {
    print("Minor");
}

for

Loop structure with initialization, condition, and increment.

for (var i = 0; i < 10; i = i + 1) {
    print(i);
}

for (var j = 0; j < len(arr); j = j + 1) {
    print(arr[j]);
}

while

Loop structure that repeats while the condition is true.

var i = 10;
while (i > 0) {
    print(i);
    i = i - 1;
}

var count = 5;
while (count > 0) {
    print(count);
    count = count - 1;
}

function

Define and call functions to encapsulate reusable code.

// Define functions
var add = function(x, y) {
    return x + y;
};

var greet = function(name) {
    return "Hello, " + name + "!";
};

var incrementAge = function(user) {
    user.age = user.age + 1;
};

// Call functions
var sum = add(5, 3);           // 8
var message = greet("Alice");  // "Hello, Alice!"

var person = struct { name: "John", age: 25 };
incrementAge(person);          // person.age is now 26

len

Returns the size of a string or array.

var strLength = len("hello");  // 5
var arrLength = len([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);  // 5
var emptyLength = len([]);  // 0

first

Returns the first element of an array.

var firstNum = first([1, 2, 3]);  // 1
var firstName = first(["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"]);  // "Alice"

last

Returns the last element of an array.

var lastNum = last([1, 2, 3]);  // 3
var lastName = last(["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"]);  // "Charlie"

push

Adds an element to the end of an array.

var arr = [1, 2];
var newArr = push(arr, 3);  // [1, 2, 3]

var names = ["Alice", "Bob"];
var updated = push(names, "Charlie");  // ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"]

print

Prints values to the console.

print "hello world";
print "The result is: " + result;
print 42;
print [1, 2, 3];

//

Comments.

// This is a comment
var x = 10;  // Inline comment

// Comments are ignored by the interpreter
// They are useful for documentation